Yeah Thomas there gets to be a whole bunch of tricky arithmetic when it comes to non tox options. I have looked at it heavily over the last few years, both off the shelf and reloading.
It comes down to pellet count and lethal penetration. Non tox will penetrate better but give up some count. So you choke different to get the pattern where you want it.
My semi educated opinion is if you're consistently getting shots less than 35 yds it makes no difference, #4 steel will kill just fine at that range. If you're consistently shooting 35 yds+ non tox can have a real advantage in lethality, but you need to choke and pattern first to be effective and not spray pellets.
The secondary point is by the time you gear up to shoot tungsten 4's at passing ducks 60 yds away, you will absolutely annihilate anything less than 35. And to answer the question, are we talking about the new Hevi-X?
Yes, new Hevi X
I should’ve been more specific on my question these tungsten loads versus heavy shot. We know they’re significantly better than steel
Go to your patterning board. Annihilate may be a bit extreme. Have shot pheasants with mod 1 3//8 loads and torn them up at 10 or less. At 25 to 35 you’ll shoot Em stone dead- but as far as tearing up the bird consistently highly doubtful
I am very against these crappy 10 buck or less loads sold to duck hunters. People buy them because they’re cheap but they are terrible shells wound a lot of waterfowl. Sure you’re going to kill ducks at 15 to 25 yards in the face come in the decoys- but we all know that those days can be few and far between
With a gravimetric density of 7.86 grams per cubic centimeter (gms/cc), steel is the lightest of the bunch, followed by bismuth, at 9.60 gms/cc; Tungsten-Iron, at 10.30; Tungsten Matrix, at 10.60; lead, at 11.10; and, the real heavyweight in the ring, Hevi-Shot, at 12 gms/cc.