Like Dave and jeffbird said, there's a cost vs. performance you have to figure. The most economical way to get out to 1 mile is with a 7mm. Anything past about 1200-1400 yards, BC and muzzle velocity become major factors. Out to about 2000 yards and beyond, BC, muzzle velocity and now, bullet weight, become the major factors. Also, do NOT use G1 BC's for comparison. You need to be looking at G7 BC's. Why- read
HERE. Up to 1 mile, the most economical way is to push a 7mm bullet about 3000 fps or more. I went with a 300 Win Mag case necked down to 7mm. I'm running the Berger 195 EOL right at 2990 fps and it will stay super sonic out to about 2000 yards. The 195 EOL has a G7 BC of .387.I have shot it to 1 mile, it performed flawlessly. Previously, I had been running my TRG 42 in 300 Win Mag with a Hornady 225 BTHP at 2800 fps out this far. There is a noticeable difference in the performance for the 30 cal 225 vs. the 195 7mm. The 7mm has a higher BC and is being launched faster, which equates to much less drop and much less drift. If you run the cost of a necked down 300 Win Mag, it's very attractive on the cost side, and with great performance. (And yes, it will smoke a 338 Lapua in the drop and wind drift)
If you step up to a 338 caliber, you gain in weight and BC, but lose a little velocity with this weight gain. The Cadillac of the .338 bullets is the Berger 300 grain OTM tactical with a G7 BC .421. It has a higher BC than the 7mm, but you lose a little velocity and gain in bullet weight. You can run a 338 Lapua with a 300 grain about 2700 fps. I have customers' rifles that run the 300 grain at 2620 and 2680 (where the accuracy node was), but can go faster, they just didn't shoot as good. You can get 2700 fps with a longer barrel, but it generally shoots best about 2650 fps.
The next step up in 338 would be something like a 338 Edge, or similar big case design. You can run the 300 grain about 2800-2850, with a longer barrel and a stout load of slow burning powder. The will out perform the Lapua, but at the cost of brass, brass forming, and decreased brass life. The Edge is based on a RUM case. The RUM case is a rebated case, meaning the case head is smaller than case body. The case body is .016" wider than the case head. This creates much more pressure on the case head than a normal round does. What this means is you will wear out primer pockets VERY fast. I have customers that we only get about 1 reload out of their brass cases because they want a "fast" round. No problem, but you will be buying much more brass. Again, cost vs. performance.
A couple factors you have to consider and calculate, is bullet stability and barrel twist rate. You need to make sure your bullet is adequately stable not only at the muzzle, but through the transonic range also. It's not just where the bullet goes below the speed of sound, but the transition to this area. Transonic starts at 1340 fps. If a bullet is not adequately stable going into the transonic range, it will begin to yaw, which will cause it to wobble and then tumble, which will lose control. For example, I have pushed some 208 A-max bullets out of a 308 Win that would shoot 1/3 moa as far as you could shoot it. One customer had 2" groups at 600 yards, and about 3"-4" groups at 800. Starting at 900 yards, he would be all over the place, and at 1000 yards, it would be out of control and fully random impacts. Running the numbers, the bullet is perfectly stable out of the muzzle, but at distance, the bullet did not have enough stability into the transonic range, and would tumble. I have seen this with some 7 Rem Mag's and 300 Win Mag's running a very aggressive bullet for the slower twist rate of the barrel. (I'm running a 1:8" twist on my 7mm/300 WM with the 195 Berger bullets).
Here's some numbers to look at comparing the 7mm at 2990 fps and the .338" bullets. If you look at the drop and wind drift, the 7mm easily out performs the 338 Lapua with the 300 grain Hybrid. When you throw in the faster 338 Edge, and look at the data at 1800 yards, the 7mm is at 17.84 mils elevation and 2.94 mils wind. The 338 Edge is at 18.69 elevation and 2.8 mils drift in wind. That's .85 mils flatter shooting and only .15 mil more in wind drift!! All from a very cost effective 7mm out of a simple 300 WM case!! If you look at the 28 Nolser, you can gain about 80-100 fps. I know shooters running the 195 at 3080 fps, which is very fast. The 7mm 195 EOL is a true game changer bullet!
I know I left some stuff out, but ask any questions ans I'll try to answer them. When you start getting out past 1000 yards, and playing in the ultra long range (1400+ yards), everything becomes a factor.
7mm, 195 grain @ 2990
Range Velocity Energy Elev Wind
(yards) (ft/sec) (ft-lbs) (mil) (mil)
0 2990 3870.8 --- ---
100 2867.8 3560.9 0 0.11
200 2748 3269.5 -0.39 0.22
300 2630.6 2996.1 -0.95 0.33
400 2515.8 2740.3 -1.59 0.45
500 2403.7 2501.6 -2.28 0.58
600 2294.4 2279.4 -3.03 0.71
700 2188.1 2073 -3.83 0.85
800 2085 1882.3 -4.68 0.99
900 1984.8 1705.7 -5.6 1.14
1000 1886.9 1541.5 -6.58 1.3
1100 1791.2 1389.1 -7.64 1.47
1200 1697.7 1247.9 -8.78 1.64
1300 1606.5 1117.4 -10 1.83
1400 1517.7 997.3 -11.32 2.02
1500 1431.4 887.1 -12.76 2.23
1600 1347.6 786.3 -14.31 2.45
1700 1266.5 694.5 -16 2.69
1800 1188.2 611.3 -17.84 2.94
1900 1116.8 540 -19.86 3.21
2000 1066.9 492.8 -22.07 3.48
2100 1031.8 460.9 -24.49 3.76
2200 1006.6 438.7 -27.1 4.03
338, 300 @ 2650 (338 Lapua)
Range Velocity Energy Elev Wind
(yards) (ft/sec) (ft-lbs) (mil) (mil)
0 2650 4677.7 --- ---
100 2544 4310.8 0 0.12
200 2440.2 3966.3 -0.55 0.24
300 2338.8 3643.5 -1.28 0.36
400 2239.8 3341.7 -2.1 0.5
500 2143.4 3060.1 -2.98 0.63
600 2049.8 2798.8 -3.93 0.78
700 1958.4 2554.6 -4.94 0.93
800 1868.8 2326.2 -6.01 1.08
900 1781.1 2113 -7.16 1.25
1000 1695.3 1914.4 -8.4 1.42
1100 1611.5 1729.7 -9.72 1.6
1200 1529.6 1558.5 -11.13 1.79
1300 1449.9 1400.2 -12.65 1.99
1400 1372.3 1254.4 -14.29 2.2
1500 1296.9 1120.4 -16.06 2.43
1600 1223.9 997.7 -17.98 2.66
1700 1152.8 885.2 -20.05 2.92
1800 1095.8 799.8 -22.31 3.18
1900 1055.2 741.7 -24.77 3.45
2000 1025.7 700.8 -27.42 3.72
2100 1003.9 671.3 -30.26 3.98
2200 984.3 645.3 -33.3 4.23
338 @ 2850 (338 Edge)
Range Velocity Energy Elev Wind
(yards) (ft/sec) (ft-lbs) (mil) (mil)
0 2850 5410.4 --- ---
100 2740.1 5001 0 0.11
200 2632.2 4615.1 -0.44 0.21
300 2526.5 4252 -1.06 0.33
400 2423.2 3911.2 -1.76 0.44
500 2322.2 3592 -2.51 0.57
600 2223.6 3293.6 -3.32 0.69
700 2127.6 3015.3 -4.18 0.83
800 2034.5 2757.2 -5.1 0.97
900 1943.4 2515.7 -6.07 1.11
1000 1854.1 2289.9 -7.12 1.26
1100 1766.7 2079.2 -8.23 1.42
1200 1681.3 1882.9 -9.42 1.59
1300 1597.8 1700.5 -10.69 1.77
1400 1516.3 1531.5 -12.06 1.95
1500 1436.9 1375.3 -13.54 2.15
1600 1359.7 1231.5 -15.12 2.35
1700 1284.7 1099.4 -16.84 2.57
1800 1212.1 978.6 -18.69 2.8
1900 1141.9 868.6 -20.7 3.05
2000 1088.2 788.8 -22.89 3.31
2100 1049.8 734 -25.27 3.57
2200 1021.7 695.4 -27.84 3.83